The Blood System (IB Topic B3.2)

Essential Idea(s): Internal and external factors influence heart function. The blood system continuously transports substances to cells and simultaneously collects waste products.

Unit Length: 3 Lessons (+4 AHL)

Guiding Questions

◊ What adaptations facilitate transport of fluids in animals and plants?

◊ What are the differences and similarities between transport in animals and plants?

Materials:

Self-Teaching Slides (SL) / Self-Teaching Slides (AHL)	Quizlet Vocab Set (SL + AHL)
Teaching Slides (AHL)	Notes Template (SL) / Notes Template (AHL)

IB Statement(s) and Objective(s)
B3.2.1: Adaptations of capillaries for exchange of materials between blood and the internal or external environment Define blood vessel Describe the structure and function of capillaries Describe the structure and function of the fenestrations found in some capillaries Describe the cause and effect of diffusion into and out of a capillary network B3.2.2: Structure of arteries and veins State the function of arteries Identify blood vessels from micrographs as arteries, capillaries or veins from the structure of their walls B3.2.3: Adaptations of arteries for the transport of blood away from the heart Describe the structure and function of the three layers of artery wall tissue Outline the role of elastic and muscle tissue in arteries Outline the functional adaptations of arteries B3.2.4: Measurement of pulse rates Determine your own heart rate by feeling the carotid or radial pulse with fingertips B3.2.5: Adaptations of veins for the return of blood to the heart State the function of veins Outline the structure and function of a pocket valve Outline the roles of gravity and skeletal muscle pressure in maintaining flow of blood through a vein Identify veins and arteries in a micrograph B3.2.6: Causes and consequences of occlusion of the coronary arteries Define atherosclerosis Define thrombus and thrombosis Describe the relationship between atherosclerosis and thrombosis State the function of the coronary arteries Outline the effect of a coronary occlusion on heart function Summarize treatments for clogged arteries NOS Concept: Correlation coefficients quantify correlations between variables and allow the strength of the relationship to be assessed Define correlation Explain why the existence of a correlation does not necessitate a causal relationship between two variables Outline the “7 Countries Study” Discuss the matter of correlation vs causation in relation to the 7 Countries Study Calculate a correlation coefficient using Pearson’s R
Additional Higher Level Topics B3.2.11: Release and reuptake of tissue fluid in capillaries Define tissue fluid Explain the formation of tissue fluid by pressure filtration of plasma in capillaries B3.2.12: Exchange of substances between tissue fluid and cells in tissues Compare and contrast the substances found in blood plasma and tissue plasma B3.2.13: Drainage of excess tissue fluid into lymph ducts Discuss the drainage of excess tissue fluid into lymph ducts Define lymph Define lymphatic system Describe adaptations to lymphatic tissue that enable it to collect excess tissue fluid B3.2.14: Differences between the single circulation of bony fish and the double circulation of mammals Draw a diagram to illustrate the double circulation system in mammals Compare and contrast the circulation of blood in fish to that of mammals State the key advantages of a double circulatory system B3.2.15: Adaptations of the mammalian heart for delivering pressurized blood to the arteries Label a diagram of the heart with the following structure names: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary semilunar valve, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, aortic semilunar valve, left atrioventricular valve, left ventricle, septum, right ventricle, left atrium, right atrium and right atrioventricular valve Describe the flow of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations Outline the structural advantages of the valves of the heart Compare and contrast cardiac muscle tissue to skeletal muscle tissue Outline the role of cells in the sinoatrial node State the reason why the sinoatrial node is often called the pacemaker Outline the function of the septum of the heart Outline the function of coronary arteries B2.3.9: Adaptations of cardiac muscle cells and striated muscle fibres Outline the difference between striated muscle and cardiac muscle tissue Define striated muscle fiber Discuss whether or not striated muscle fibers can be considered cells Describe adaptations of cardiac muscle cells Define intercalated disc B3.2.16: Stages in the cardiac cycle State the cause of each of the two sounds of the heartbeat Describe the stages of the cardiac cycle Explain the pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during the cardiac cycle State the cause of systolic and diastolic pressure

IB Statement(s) and Objective(s)

B3.2.1: Adaptations of capillaries for exchange of materials between blood and the internal or external environment

Define blood vessel
Describe the structure and function of capillaries
Describe the structure and function of the fenestrations found in some capillaries
Describe the cause and effect of diffusion into and out of a capillary network

B3.2.2: Structure of arteries and veins

State the function of arteries
Identify blood vessels from micrographs as arteries, capillaries or veins from the structure of their walls

B3.2.3: Adaptations of arteries for the transport of blood away from the heart

Describe the structure and function of the three layers of artery wall tissue
Outline the role of elastic and muscle tissue in arteries
Outline the functional adaptations of arteries

B3.2.4: Measurement of pulse rates

Determine your own heart rate by feeling the carotid or radial pulse with fingertips

B3.2.5: Adaptations of veins for the return of blood to the heart

State the function of veins
Outline the structure and function of a pocket valve
Outline the roles of gravity and skeletal muscle pressure in maintaining flow of blood through a vein
Identify veins and arteries in a micrograph

B3.2.6: Causes and consequences of occlusion of the coronary arteries

Define atherosclerosis
Define thrombus and thrombosis
Describe the relationship between atherosclerosis and thrombosis
State the function of the coronary arteries
Outline the effect of a coronary occlusion on heart function
Summarize treatments for clogged arteries
NOS Concept: Correlation coefficients quantify correlations between variables and allow the strength of the relationship to be assessed
Define correlation
Explain why the existence of a correlation does not necessitate a causal relationship between two variables
Outline the “7 Countries Study”
Discuss the matter of correlation vs causation in relation to the 7 Countries Study
Calculate a correlation coefficient using Pearson’s R

Additional Higher Level Topics

B3.2.11: Release and reuptake of tissue fluid in capillaries

Define tissue fluid
Explain the formation of tissue fluid by pressure filtration of plasma in capillaries

B3.2.12: Exchange of substances between tissue fluid and cells in tissues

Compare and contrast the substances found in blood plasma and tissue plasma

B3.2.13: Drainage of excess tissue fluid into lymph ducts

Discuss the drainage of excess tissue fluid into lymph ducts
Define lymph
Define lymphatic system
Describe adaptations to lymphatic tissue that enable it to collect excess tissue fluid

B3.2.14: Differences between the single circulation of bony fish and the double circulation of mammals

Draw a diagram to illustrate the double circulation system in mammals
Compare and contrast the circulation of blood in fish to that of mammals
State the key advantages of a double circulatory system

B3.2.15: Adaptations of the mammalian heart for delivering pressurized blood to the arteries

Label a diagram of the heart with the following structure names: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary semilunar valve, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, aortic semilunar valve, left atrioventricular valve, left ventricle, septum, right ventricle, left atrium, right atrium and right atrioventricular valve
Describe the flow of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations
Outline the structural advantages of the valves of the heart
Compare and contrast cardiac muscle tissue to skeletal muscle tissue
Outline the role of cells in the sinoatrial node
State the reason why the sinoatrial node is often called the pacemaker
Outline the function of the septum of the heart
Outline the function of coronary arteries

B2.3.9: Adaptations of cardiac muscle cells and striated muscle fibres

Outline the difference between striated muscle and cardiac muscle tissue
Define striated muscle fiber
Discuss whether or not striated muscle fibers can be considered cells
Describe adaptations of cardiac muscle cells
Define intercalated disc

B3.2.16: Stages in the cardiac cycle

State the cause of each of the two sounds of the heartbeat
Describe the stages of the cardiac cycle
Explain the pressure changes in the left atrium, left ventricle and aorta during the cardiac cycle
State the cause of systolic and diastolic pressure


Activities: ⓟ = podcast / ⍰ = inquiry 5 / ⓦ = Write it / Ӕ = The academy / Ⓡ = Read it
Sample Data for Practicing T-Tests Use this link to access the data from the teaching slides (alcohol consumption by country vs. death rates from cirrhosis). Ⓛ: Pig Heart Dissection (🙋/👫 max 2) You can opt out of this, but it is strongly recommended that you participate! Takes a hands-on approach to learning about the heart. Carefully follow the instructions on this lab guide. Individually, answer all questions on pages 4-6 using this Google Doc. Submit this on G. Classroom at the end of the period. Here is a very friendly visual guide to use as you are dissecting. Ⓛ (analysis – REQUIRED): Use epidemiological data to show the link between smoking and lung cancer (💁) Continue fine-tuning your lab skills – this time focusing on the analysis side of things. Take this actual data from the UK comparing smoking rates by profession and rates of lung cancer, and present it in a graph. Answer the 4 questions in the document, then submit all work to G.Classroom – this should include all the work you use — spreadsheets, graphs, and answers to all questions. (This should take about 1 hour to complete.) Lab ⓟ/ⓦ: Play Doctor: Checking Blood Pressure (👫 2 required) Grab a friend, a stethoscope, and a sphygmomanometer, and learn how to measure blood pressure. Complete the lab worksheet! As you’re learning, use this video for practice (check the notes for the actual BP of the patient in the video). When you’re done checking your partner’s BP, use the digital sphygmomanometer to check your accuracy. ⓟ/ⓦ: Read a Story + Role Play a Cardiologist (💁 /👫max 2) Read this interactive story of an expecting mom about to give birth to twins, and the unexpected challenges with the twins’ cardiovascular systems. Follow up by answering the questions at the end of each section (you can skip the ones that aren’t relevant to 6.2). Lab ⓟ/ⓦ: Microscope It: Blood Vessels (💁 /👫max 2) Grab a microscope and some slides of arteries and veins. Sketch (or photograph) what you see, and make some good inquiry questions about the structure of each. What differences do you see, and what is the reason for these differences? Record or write up your questions and answers. ⓟ/ⓦ (+NOS): “Crack-Brained Harvey” dies a bitter man (💁 /👫max 3) (pages 126 – 130 in The Body) Like so many artists, scientists, and thinkers beyond their time, William Harvey changed the future of science and medicine… but wasn’t given credit until after he died. During his career, it was quite the opposite — Harvey (accurately) suggested blood circulates in a closed system in the body, but his critics called him “crack-brained” for such a crazy idea. They cut ties with him, leaving him somewhat desolate and disrespected until death. With your podcasters, tell Harvey’s unfortunate story, 1) aligning it with the NOS idea that theories in science can change over time, and 2) How his ideas specifically refuted Galen’s description of blood flow in the body. Ӕ: Screencast the blood vessels: Use online images of blood vessel micrographs (or use a microscope to photograph your own) to explain the structure and function of both arteries and veins. What differences are there, and what is the reason for these differences? Make sure you point out the specific parts of the micrographs as you teach about these features. ⓟ/ⓦ: How Your Heart Influences What You Perceive and Fear (💁 /👫max 2) Write or record a response to this article on the heart’s surprising role in shaping what you perceive and fear. In your response, make sure you define the diastole and systole phases. ⓟ/ⓦ: Can we Regenerate Heart Muscle with Stem Cells? (💁 /👫max 2) “The heart is one of the least regenerative organs in the human body — a big factor in making heart failure the number one killer worldwide”. Write or record a response to this TED Talk on the idea of using stem cells to regenerate heart muscle. Discuss 1) The common causes of heart muscle damage (hint… 6.2.A2); and 2) How stem cells could be used to fix this problem. ⓡ: Molecular Insights into why Exercise is so Good for the Heart (*advanced; 💁 /👫max 2). The health benefits of physical exercise are hardly a new insight. However, how and why these benefits exist brings us to the cutting edge of research. Read this article and write/record a response; discussing how and why exercise seems to be helpful in preventing cardiovascular disease. In your explanation, make sure you explain how cardiovascular diseases can arise in those who do not get much exercise. Ӕ (Recommended): Teach it: A 3D Tour the Heart 🙋 Record a screencast of a 3D model of the heart (or try this one….there are also several others online… just Google it). Teach a brief lesson on the features of the heart, and describe the function of each of these features. Make sure you state the overall function of arteries and veins, and give an overview of the pathway of blood flow throughout the heart. ⓟ/ⓦ: Evolution of the Heart – A Love Story 👫 (max 3) It took nature hundreds of millions of years to evolve the mammalian heart into what it is today – complete with chambers, valves, electric circuits, and more. Watch this great video of the evolution of the heart, then explain how evolution slowly but surely developed the heart we all rely on today. Make sure you lead up to a detailed look of the modern mammalian heart, including all relevant terms and concepts from 6.2. Other: The Cardiac Cycle Puzzle Use the clues in this presentation to fill in the boxes on this puzzle worksheet (keep in mind you only need to fill in the white boxes). You’ll sort through all the details of the cardiac cycle + heartbeat. Extra: Blood Pressure Do this mini lab to find your own blood pressure and the BP of the rest of the class. This requires whole class participation – one pair might want to take the lead in collecting + recording each person’s BP.